仁知合一 以仁统知——孔子处理德性与知识关系的方式

Unity of Benevolence and Wisdom, Wisdom Governed by Benevolence-the Way of Confucius Dealing with the Relationship between Morality and Knowledge

仁与知是孔子哲学中的重要概念 ,仁是主体的内在德性 ,知具有知识与智慧双重内涵 ,知识是通过对象化的方式所获得的对经验世界的认知 ,智慧是一种应对与理解社会人生的能力。孔子处理仁与知关系问题的方式是仁知合一、以仁统知。他通过“化越超为内在”的方式 ,实现了“下学而上达”的目的 ,打通知识通往德性的道路 ;又以仁纯亦不已的创生性 ,达到了内在德性的外化 ,从而把上下内外打成一片 。

Benevolence and Wisdom are very important concepts in Confucian of philosophy. Humanity is the inner morality of subject. Wisdom consists of two connotations, wisdom and knowledge. Knowledge is the cognition that is acquired though the way of object, wisdom is an ability to deal with the question of society and life. The way that Confucius deals with the relationship between morality and knowledge is to unify benevolence and wisdom and governing wisdom by benevolence. He realized his goal of studies of men below being felt on high level by the way of transforming the transcendent into immanent, and got though the road from knowledge to morality, and he realized the objectivity of inner morality by the pure and inexhaustible creativity of benevolence, hence coming to the blend of morality and knowledge.