假说的定义和功能的认识论研究

Epistemological Research on the Definition and Function of Hypothesis

假说是认识主体在已知的有限的科学事实和科学原理的基础之上运用科学思维方法 ,对已存在和发现的事物现象作出的假定性解释和说明 ,以及对尚未发现和存在的事物现象作出的推测。从认识论角度看 ,假说能够对已存在和发现的事物现象作出假定性的解释和说明 ,这是形成科学理论的基础 ;假说的预见功能 ,这是假说指导科学实践并接受实践检验的前提 ,也是假说转化为理论的一个关键性标志。假说正是通过解释和预见这两个基本功能来解释世界和指导人类的实践 ,并以此来检验和证明自身的正确性。

Hypothesis is one of the important forms of scientific thinking.In the academic circles, there are many definitions about it, which mainly involve in the known and the unknown.Concluding these definitions, the present writer's consideration is as follows:Hypothesis is constructed on the basic of known scientific fact and principle, by scientific research means of experiment, reasoning and so on.It is a presumed interpretation or illustration to some existent phenomena, and a prediction or conjecture to some phenomena which do not exist in the reality.According to them, the presumed explanation of existent phenomenon is the basis to form scientific theory, and the prediction of the not existing phenomenon assumes the reason and direction to a certain scientific problem, makes a definite aim of scientific experiment and observation, in order to improve the development of science.