试论尤金·奥尼尔悲剧的美学意蕴

On Aesthetic Value of Eugene O'Neill's Tragedies

"戏剧最崇高和惟一有意义的功能便是对生活作诗的解释和富有象征的赞美,并把这种宗教传给人们。"在奥尼尔看来,戏剧不仅要给人以哲理性的启示,还应赋有诗意的美学价值。象征意象,是奥尼尔悲剧美学的载体,它对生活所作的诗的解释和富有象征的赞美使其悲剧洋溢着诗意的美感;分裂与对立,是构筑奥尼尔戏剧美学思想的内核与基因;奥尼尔对希腊英雄悲剧传统的继承,使悲剧回响着崇高美学的激越之音;而对处于现代荒原上的人类困境的绝望探索,使这位具有强烈现代意识的作家不可避免地遁入虚无的幻美之境。而奥尼尔的悲剧传达出的深邃的美学意蕴则是建立在其悲剧真实性基础之上的。

The sublime and only significative function of dramas are poetic explaination and symbolic praise on life, and convey this religion to people.' In view of O'Neill,dramas not only give people rational apocalypse, but endow with poetic aesthetic value. Symbolic imagery is the aesthetic carrier of his tragic consciousness, and through poetic explaination and symbolic praise,his tragedies have a feeling of aesthetics. Abruption and opposing are the kernel and gene of buildings of O'Neill's tragic aesthetic ideas. Inherited from Greece hero tragedies, a stimulated voice reveberated in his tragedy works; and exploring in despair for the human being tramping on modern wasteland. O'Neill, as a writer with intensity modern consciousness, inevitably fled to nihility.However, the profound aesthetic meaning conveyed from O'Neill's tragedies was built on an authenticity base.