决定论的终结和心理学的走向

The End of Determinism and the Trends of Psychology

长期以来心理学深受实证主义哲学的影响 ,并和决定论思想有着密切的关系 ,总希望能用确定性的规律来描述和预测人的行为 ,其结果导致心理学的研究越来越远离真实的人的心理。在 70年代兴起的非线性动力学用统计性和概率论的思想来反映世界的本质 ,这在方法论上对心理学的发展带来了重大的影响 ,使得心理学在经历了哲学思辨和实证研究之后将走向一个新的理论综合阶段。

For a long time psychology has been deep affected by the positivism and also has an intimate relationship with determinism. Many psychologists ever wished to describe and forecast the human behaviors by the affirmatory rules and which results in the psychological researches departing more and more from the real human's mentality. From 70's the Nonlinear Dynamics used the methods of statistics and probability to describe the essence of the world, which produce a grate influence on methodology to the development of psychology. The methods of the Nonlinear Dynamics impel psychology to tend towards a new moment of theory integration after metaphysics and positive researches and also help us to understand the essence of the mental world.