山东细犬形态结构和形态学标准的研究

A Morphological Study of Shandong Canines

通过分组测量山东细犬体重、颅长、鼻长、颈长、前肢长、后肢长、尾长、胸围、腰围、体宽、身高、体长 ,并观察牙齿个数、毛色、眼色和性格 ,报道山东细犬形态结构数据 。

The Shandong canine is a kind of local famous dog, originating in Shandong. It occurs mainly in the west area of Shandong province and there is a limited amount of the canines in the bordering Hebei and Henan provinces. It is mainly used for hunting. This kind of dog has a large head, a long nose, a long neck, four long legs, a broad chest, a thin waist, and little under-skin fat. An adult dog weighs 10～20 kilograms. From the perspective of body structure, it is in keeping with the requirement of a experimental dog; It has a quiet character, behaving well, apt to get along well with human beings, easy to tame and raise, and excretes regularly; it can easily digest the rough foods, and has a strong anti- disease capacity and a perfect reproductive capability. It is of great value as a kind of ideal experimental dog. The author began the research of the animalization of the Shandong canine in 1998. We give a report about the configuration construction measurements and its morphological standards, expecting to provide basic data for further animalization research and the preservation of various species resources. The authors selected 40 adult canines aged between 1 to 5years to carry out configuration construction observation and measurement. The results are listed as follows: weight 13～22kg,skull length 12～15cm,nose length10～11cm,neck length20～23cm,foreleg length 45～49cm,hind leg length55～62cm,tail length 41～41cm,chest measurement 57～62cm,waistline39～43cm,body width 9～13-10～15-8～12-9～13cm,body height 65～69cm,body length 121～137cm,teeth number 40;color of the hair: black, yellow, white; eye color: brownish black; character: introversive。 The authors have also established 20 morphological standards from the following 9 dimensions: overall appearance, head and neck, body, limbs, stepping, tail, sexual responses, sperm vitality, and baby dogs/birth. Growing the Shandong canine as the experimental dog will be rewarded with good prospects and development advantages: First, the heredity quality of the canine is quite stable, and generally the common folks in the breeding process prohibit against random copulation of their dogs and practices systematic reproduction, so generally 2～3 generations' heredity backgrounds are clear, and the hair color one is single; Secondly, the thin dog body construction suits experimental usage, especially the surgical operation experiments and toxicological experiment; Thirdly, the canine has a small appetite, requesting low-level nourishment and can bear rough rearing , so the feeding cost is low; Fourthly, the canine's anti- disease capacity and reproductive capacity are strong.