健康教育在维持性血液透析患者中的应用

The use of having heath instruction for the patients undergoing regular hemodialysis

目的探讨对维持性血液透析患者进行健康教育的效果及其影响因素。方法以安贞医院血液净化中心做血液透析治疗的122例尿毒症患者做为研究对象,通过自设问卷调查并有计划、有针对性地进行健康教育。结果健康教育后,患者掌握了血液透析相关知识(P<0.01);提高了自我管理能力(P<0.01);患者文化程度对健康教育效果有影响(P<0.05);透析年限对健康教育效果无影响(P>0.05);患者的营养状况、透析充分性、贫血得到改善(P<0.05)。结论健康教育是患者获得血液透析相关知识和提高自我管理能力的有效途径,是治疗的重要组成因素;健康教育有利于患者,也有利于教育者自身素质的提高。

Objective To study the effects and the influence factors of the health instruction for the patients undergoing regular hemodialysis.Methods We performed the health instruction to 122 patients via the forms we designed.The patients suffered form uraemia and were treated by regular hemodialysis in the Department of hemodialysis Center,Beijing Anzhen Hospital.Results After the health instruction,the patients acquired the knowledge about dialysis(P<0.01);promoted the self-abilities((P<0.01);) We found that the effects of health instruction were affected by patient's educational levels,((P<0.05))while the lasting periods of the treatment were not.(P>0.05);The situation of the nutrition,the sufficiency of the dialysis,and the symptom of anemia were improved by the health instruction.(P<(0.05).)Conclusions The health instruction is an efficient method to make patients acquire the knowledge about the dialysis and promote the ability of self-management.It is an important factor of the therapy.The health instruction not only benefits for the patients,but also promotes the educators themselves.