农田防护林人工生态工程的构建历史与现状

Construction History and Actuality of Shelterbelts/ Windbreaks Artificial Eco-engineering

从农田防护林人工生态工程的内涵出发 ,论述了其作为农业生产的一项重要基础工程的重要意义 ;重点介绍了前苏联、美国、中国、新西兰、澳大利亚及北非等国有关农田防护林建设的特点、规模、规划设计、树种组成、结构配置、营造技术等重要内容 ;根据当前需求 ,剖析了世界农田防护林建设中亟待解决的许多关键问题及今后农田防护林建设的目标和新趋势 ,着重提出今后农田防护林建设的关键是发展大尺度农田防护林合理空间布局与生态空间镶嵌的稳定性、树种多样性组成与空间结构异质性配置、高质量营造新方法及优化经营模式等实用技术。

Shelterbelt/windbreak is forestry factor that had been gradually absorbed into agriculture ecosystem just to adapt to above need. From the connotation of shelterbelts/windbreaks artificial eco-engineering, the author discusses the important means of this kind of eco-engineering as a foundational engineering of agricultural production, emphatically introduces the characteristics, scales, plans and designs, composing of species, allocation of mechanism and technologies of construction in Russian, American, China, New Zealand, Australia and North Africa, analyses the key problems urgently waited to solved as well as aims and new trends in the construction according to the needs of shelterbelts/windbreaks now, and emphatically propounds practical technologies such as space distribution of large scale shelterbelts/windbreaks, stability of inlaid eco-space, composing of species diversity, allocation of spacal composition heterogeneity, new construction methods of high quality and optimization management models.