试论汉代平民妇女在婚姻生活中的地位

On the Civilian Women's Position in Their Wedded Life during the Han Dynasty

两汉时期的社会文明,承先秦之余绪,开魏晋之大端。因此,两汉平民妇女在婚姻生活中的地位也带有鲜明的时代特色:一方面男尊女卑的倾向十分明显,构成主流,另一方面汉代的平民妇女在婚姻生活中又有一定的自主地位,主要表现在结婚择夫、离婚改嫁、夫死再嫁上。导致这种现象的原因有:其一,随着中央集权的加强和完善,正统封建伦理观念的日渐盛行,女性地位呈现出递降的趋势;其二,两汉时期,儒家思想束缚尚浅,统治者具有开阔的胸襟和气度,更重要的是汉代妇女广泛参加社会生产,成为汉代社会生产的主要创造者。

The social civilization of the Han Dynasty comes from the period before the Qin Dynasty, and it makes a new start for the coming one in the history. So there are outstanding characteristics in the civilian women's position in their wedded life during the Han Dynasty : one is that the men are apt to be nobler than the women all the time, which is the most important aspect; the other is that the civilian women, to some extent, are independent in their marriage life, which shows that when they can choose their...