民事责任能力研究

A study of liability capacity

民事责任能力有应然和实然之分,这可以从法律责任关系和法律责任本质二个层面来揭示。现有关于民事责任能力的三种理论都在一定程度上存在着缺陷,或在理论上无法圆通,或在实践中缺乏可操作性。民事责任能力应与主体的意思能力一致,而意思能力的确定应当考虑民事责任承担的实际效果,即应从实然的角度来确定主体民事责任能力之有无。

Based on analyzing legal nexus and essence of legal liability, liability capacity can be recognized as what should be and what has been. The three existing theories about liability capacity are all deficient in some degree. The liability capacity should be consistent with intent capacity, and intent capacity should be consistent with the result raised by liability.