从“作格”角度谈主语系统的选择

On the Choice of Subject System from the Ergative Perspective

本文主要以作格为理论背景谈主语系统的选择情况。按照Dixon(1994)的观点,作格分为小句内作格和小句间作格。在小句内,根据S、A、O三者之间的语法关系,世界上的语言可以分为作格、宾格和分裂的系统三种类型,其中分裂的系统又包括分裂的主语系统和变动的主语系统两种类型。我们根据汉语的特点,发现汉语的作格动词以及很多及物动词在主语的选择上呈现变动的局面。小句间作格着重在小句的组合中,句法作格的类型有S／A中枢词转换,S／O中枢词转换和二者的综合,汉语是综合了这两种转换方式,随着信息展开的需要而铺展。

This paper investigates the choice of subject system on the theoretical background of er-gativity. According to the syntactic relation between S, A and O, the languages in the world fall into three kinds:ergative, accusative and split systems. In Mandarin Chinese we find ergative verbs and many transitive verbs are of a fluid situation on the choice of subject.