中国近代启蒙思潮论要

On the trend of enlightenment thought in modern China

中国近代启蒙思潮以民主和科学思想的传播 ,对封建专制主义和封建蒙昧主义的批判为主要内容 ,同时延伸到伦理、哲学、文学和国民精神等方面。它的形成和发展过程大致分为萌芽、兴起、发展、高涨和逐渐衰退五个阶段。在这一过程中 ,它始终与其他进步思潮相互影响和补充。启蒙与救亡结合 ,启蒙往往让位于救亡是中国近代启蒙思潮的显著特点之一 ,这也中国近代启蒙思潮没有完成自己的历史使命主要原因之一。

The enlightenment thought in modern China focuses on propagation of democracy and scientific thinking and criticism of feudal absolutism and obscurantism, with an extension to such fields as ethic, philosophy, literature and national spirit. The course of formation and development of the enlightenment thought in modern China goes roughly through five stages: budding, forming, developing, upswinging, and declining, during which the enlightenment thought is influential and complementary on each other with other progressive thoughts. It is a striking characteristic of the thought that the enlightenment is always in combination with the national salvation movement, and resigns leading status to it, which accounts mainly for the failure of the enlightenment movement to accomplish its historical mission.