巷道防冲机理及支护控制研究

Mechanism of Rockburst Prevention and Supporting Control Technology in Roadways

在分析冲击矿压巷道"强弱强"模型的基础上,基于巷道冲击矿压发生的层裂板模型,研究了巷道支护体"强结构"防冲机理、型式和要求.结果表明高强预应力锚杆作为主动支护技术,能够增加冲击矿压发生的难度,提高裂纹非稳定扩展的临界应力值,从而防止冲击矿压的发生.从能量守恒定律出发,研究了巷道围岩与锚固体受冲击载荷的动载与变形特征,指出冲击矿压巷道支护体"强结构"应该具备主动让压功能,通过引导控制能量的释放和转化,将高能量消耗在主动让压过程中,能有效抵御冲击矿压的影响,保证巷道围岩和支护体系的稳定.提出为有效防止冲击矿压发生与抵御冲击载荷,"强结构"应具备主动高强度支护与让压的双强功能,高强让压锚杆能够满足要求,是冲击矿压巷道的有效支护形式.通过现场应用,证明了让压锚杆效果显著.

Based on the analysis of "strong-soft-strong" and layer-crack-plate model of rockburst roadways,we study the prevention mechanism,the supporting type,and the requirements of the "strong structure" formed by support system are studied in this paper.The results indicate that the high-strength and pretension bolting support as an active technology can not only efficiently prevent the rockburst from taking place but alsoincrease the critical stress of fractures characterized by instable extension.We also studie...