马铃薯高淀粉栽培研究进展

Cultivation of Potato for High Starch Content

淀粉含量是马铃薯品质优劣的重要指标,人们从多方面开展了提高马铃薯淀粉含量的研究。有利于马铃薯块茎淀粉含量的增加的因素或措施包括:马铃薯淀粉积累期,温度下降较慢,昼夜温差大,较长的日照时数;结薯中后期和淀粉积累初期,土壤湿度维持在80%左右;适宜的栽培密度;生育中后期叶柄较高的氮、磷、钾的含量;马铃薯叶片及茎秆较高的干物率、可溶性糖含量、还原糖含量、淀粉含量。此外,马铃薯块茎淀粉积累速度与淀粉磷酸化酶活性呈正相关,与蔗糖转化酶活性呈负相关,AGPase是马铃薯块茎中淀粉合成的限速酶。马铃薯叶片及块茎ABA含量与块茎中淀粉的不断积累过程相一致,而GA3、IAA对茎叶的生长和块茎的增大有一定促进,但对淀粉的积累可能有抑制。

The potato starch content is an important indicator of the quality,and many researches were therefore done for increase in the content of potato starch.Factors or measures which are favorable for increase in potato starch content include: gradual drop in temperature,large day/night temperature difference,and long hours of sunshine in the stage of starch accumulation;soil moisture kept at about 80% in the mid-and late stage of tuber formation and the early stage of starch accumulation;optimal planting densit...