生命本位与自然关怀——道家生命观的基本特征及其生态学意义

The Basic Features of Taoist Outlook of Life and Their Ecological Significance

道家哲学的核心是其生命观念 ,道家生命观具有鲜明的个性特征 ,即倡导生命本位 ,强调自然关怀。前者表现在重生、贵生、尊生、养生乃至长生等主张中 ,后者则反映在将生命与自然自始至终联系在一起的宇宙大生命观中。道家深具生命关怀和自然关怀的宇宙大生命观蕴涵着丰富的生态学思想 ,在生态环境日益恶化的今天具有重要的生态学意义。它启迪我们认真思考人如何生存、人类如何与自然相处等重大问题 ,提示我们既要珍惜生命也要爱惜自然 ,要建立起人与自然相和谐的生态环境 。

The Taoist outlook of life, the central part of the Philosophy, has the distinctive feature of Valuing life and caring nature. The Taoist Valuing of Life is reflected mainly in its ideas of respecting and nourishing life,while its care for nature is seen more in its idea of a greater universal life in which personal life is always closely connected with nature. The Taoist emphasis both on life and on nature embodies rich ecological ideas, and is very significant at present when the eclolgical environment is deterionrating. The lesson in that we must pay more attention to man's way of living and the coexistence of man and nature. Obviously, we must both value life and also care for nature. Only when we have established a harmonious ecological environment could we improve man's state of living.