WTO规则下单边贸易保护措施实施的条件——关贸总协定第二十条第二款之适用

The Conditions of the Application of the Unilateral Protective Measures Under WTO Mechanism ——The Application of Article 20.2 of GATT

随着全球生态环境问题的兴起和可持续发展战略的提出,经济、社会和生态环境的协调发展逐渐为人们所重视。虽然主张贸易自由化的WTO仍强调,应站在传统贸易优先的立场上,通过国际协作,禁止缔约方采取单边贸易措施的方法以达到全球环境保护的目的,但上诉机构对虾-海龟案的最终裁决表明,单边环境措施可以同贸易规则相调和。本文试图通过WTO上诉机构关于金枪鱼案、汽油案和虾—海龟案裁决,以及对《欧盟捕猎夹法规》的比较分析,讨论关贸总协定第二十条第二款之适用。

With the rising problems of global environment and of sustainable development, the harmonious development in the fields of economy, politics and environment, has been put more emphasis. The WTO, advocating free-trade, still considers that unilateral measures with the view to protecting global environment, may be prohibited, but the findings made by the Appellate Body in USA-shrimps show that unilateral measures may be compatible with WTO Law. This Article concerns the application of Article 20.2 of GATT on the basis of comparative analysis of the findings and the Community's Leg-hold Trap Regulation.