从母语到外语的阅读加工:迁移亦或通达?

First-to Second-Language Reading Comprehension:A Problem of Transfer or Access?

学术界就外语阅读问题是语言问题、还是阅读问题曾展开广泛辩论,核心是探讨阅读理解技能的可迁移性及其实现的条件。迁移论观点得到了理论及实证研究的普遍支持。然而,随着研究的深入,这一传统理论已受到质疑。研究人员以Gernsbacher的结构建造理论为根据指出,阅读理解运用通用的、非模式化的认知加工,因此,"迁移论"观点是误导性的:具有一语(L1)阅读能力的二语(L2)读者是要实现"通达",而非"迁移"其已在L1语言技能发展中习得的理解技能。本文在综述相关研究基础上指出,"通达说"并非否定,相反是对"迁移论"研究的深入和发展,是对阅读加工的实质内涵而进行探讨的回归。

In L2 reading research, the "transfer" of reading comprehension skills from a first language (L1) to a second language (L2) has long been discussed in the literature. It centers on discussing whether L2 reading is a reading problem or a language problem. Views on transfer have gained wide support of both theoretical and empirical evidence. However, this traditional view has recently been challenged by researchers. On the basis of the Structure Building Framework, they propose that reading comprehension draw...