基于裘皮制作的西藏牦牛皮组织结构研究

Histological Structure of Tibetan Yak Hides Based on the Fur Production

基于牦牛裘皮制作工艺目的,对西藏牦牛皮组织结构进行研究。利用扫描电镜对牦牛皮上的毛形态进行观察,并对毛的长度、入皮深度、细度、密度进行测量。同时利用光学显微镜对牦牛皮的脂肪组织,弹性纤维,胶原纤维进行观察。实验结果表明:牦牛皮上的毛80%以上都为绒毛,脂腺比较发达,弹性纤维主要分布在乳头层,特别是在毛囊和血管周围更为密集,胶原纤维形态与排布随部位的不同有较大差异。根据以上组织学研究结果建议在裘皮加工过程中,采用以下措施:第一,在裘皮制作工艺中使用大液比同时加入一些顺毛剂;第二,对于皮的肉面层厚度进行调整,但片层厚度不得超过牦牛皮最厚处的1/3;第三,在各个工序中都加入表面活性剂以加强脱脂效果;第四,在牦牛裘皮生产工艺中不需要软化这一工序。

The histological structure of yak hides used as fur production was studied.The yak hair was observed by a scanning electron microscope,then the length,the fineness and the density of the hair was measured.While the fatty tissue,elastic fibers,collagen fibers of the yak hides were observed by an optical microscope.The results show that over 80% of all the hairs were fine hairs,the sebaceous glands were more developed,the elastic fibers were mainly in the grain layer,especially existed around the hair follicl...