广西北流铜石岭遗址冶炼技术分析

Study on Ancient Smelting Sites in Beiliu Tongshiling of Guangxi

广西北流铜石岭冶炼遗址位于广西东南部的北流河(圭江)河畔,该遗址在广西壮族自治区1981年公布的重点文物保护单位中被认定为是汉-唐冶铜遗址。本文对北流铜石岭冶炼遗址再次进行系统的田野调查,采用扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)的研究方法,对位于小铜石岭山顶、山腰、山脚三处遗址采集的炉渣及矿石样品进行成分分析,对其中5个炉渣样品采用变形法进行熔点测定,对所有样品采用比重瓶法测定炉渣的密度。结果表明,北流铜石岭冶炼遗址的炉渣成分相似,铅、锌含量较高,而铁含量较低,均采用铜铅锌共生矿进行冶炼,遗址采集到的炉渣均为还原渣,其直接冶炼产品以铜为主、铅为次,并使用凝析法将而者分离。冶炼添加了石灰石作为助熔剂,炉渣有合适的密度、硅酸度、熔点及良好的流动性,渣中含铜量较低,熔炼的还原气氛较好,反应当时的冶炼技术达到一定水平。

The Beiliu Tongshiling ancient smelting sites are located along the bank of Guijiang River in the southeastern part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,has become regional key cultural preservation centers of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1981.In order to further understanding the site,visit the site again and carry out an archaeological survey there.Through the survey,smelting furnace,slag heaps,ores,fragments of tuyere and potteries are found at both of the two sites.Furthermore,a new site is discov...