侵权法上的因果关系

Causation in Tort

侵权法上因果关系可分为责任成立意义上的因果关系和赔偿范围上的因果关系。责任成立意义上的因果关系无论在大陆法系还是英美法系都可分为事实因果关系和法律因果关系。事实因果关系的判定以哲学意义上的因果关系的判定为基础 ,以必要条件或充分原因作为前提条件 ,同时必须伴随损害结果发生可能性增加。法律因果关系的成立则以实现其社会功能为出发点 ,因此要将可预见性、损害的类型、责任的类型、过错的程度等加以考虑。赔偿范围上的因果关系是确定各原因力对损害结果的贡献 ,从而锁定赔偿额的大小。

Causation in tort can be classified as causation of establishing liability and causation of establishing damages. The former can be classified as factual causation and approximate causation. The judgement of factual causation must base on philosophical causation and the increasement of possibility of damages resulted from infringement. Proximate causation bases on predictability, the type of damage, liability and fault etc..