几则明、清、民国文献之释“变”、“闰”

Interpretations of "Bian" and "Run" in Several Books

关于"变"、"闰",明清时期已有前贤加以讨论。本文对明代倪复的《钟律通考》、清代胡彦升的《乐律表微》、凌廷堪的《燕乐考原》、江永的《律吕阐微》、陈澧的《声律通考》等五种著作中阐释蔡元定《燕乐》的相关论述进行了梳理与分析,同时还考察了民国时期童斐的《中乐寻源》、郑觐文的《中国音乐史》、许之衡的《中国音乐小史》、王季烈的《虫寅庐曲谈》等四种著作对"变"、"闰"的解释。通过梳理与分析可知:明、清、民国时期关涉"变"、"闰"的文献中,除个别解释不太确定外,一般将"四变为宫"之"变"释为"变徵","七闰为角"之"闰"释作"变宫"。若从学术发展史的角度看,从唐宋、经元明清至民国王光祈新论产生之前的相关论述,均作此解。

There have been discussions about "bian" and "run" back to the Ming and Qing Dynasty.This paper reviews and analyzes relevant arguments on Royal Banquet Music written by Cai Yuanding in such five book as Textual Research on Bell Temperament written by Ni Fu in the Ming Dynasty,A Few Words on Temperament by Hu Yansheng in the Qing Dynasty,Source Research on Royal Banquet Music by Ling Tingkan,Interpretation of Temperament by Jiang Yong and Textual Research on Temperament by Chen Feng,while also studying diff...