底泥中多环芳烃的微生物降解与原位修复技术

Overviews of Biodegradation of PAHs and In situ Remediation of PAHs-contaminated Sediment

水体底泥是多环芳烃(PAHs)重要的环境载体之一,PAHs通过多种途径进入各种水体,经过复杂的过程沉积富集于水体底泥中。PAHs在环境中的迁移转化有多种途径,其中微生物降解是去除环境中PAHs的最主要途径。PAHs可以作为微生物的唯一碳源或通过共代谢而被降解。影响微生物降解PAHs的因素有:PAHs的生物可利用性、温度、pH值、供氧条件、营养条件以及其它的环境因素。受PAHs污染底泥的微生物原位修复技术通过导入高效微生物,提供电子受体、营养盐和表面活性剂等来降解底泥中的PAHs。该技术被认为是去除底泥中PAHs污染物的重要手段,但还存在着多方面的缺点而使其应用存在着很大的局限性,需要从高分子量的PAHs的降解机理、生物降解过程中基因调控机制、环境因子与微生物降解PAHs的相互作用关系以及受PAHs污染底泥的微生物原位修复过程的监测、风险评估和效果评估等多个方面进行深入的研究。

Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs) and their pathways into sediments of various water bodies are described and mechanism of PAHs degradation by microorganism in benthic environment, where PAHs serve as a solo carbon source of the microorganism is reviewed. Technologies of in situ remediation of PAHs-contaminated sediment, which often involves introducing efficient microorganism, providing electronic acceptor, nutrient and surfactant are briefly introduced. Based on the analysis of drawbacks...