辞章章法“多、二、一(0)”结构的理论基础

Theoretical Foundation of "Variety,Two,One" Structure of Art of Composition

我们的祖先,生活在广大“时空”之中,直接面对纷纭万状之现象界,为了探其源头,确认其原动力,以寻得其种种变化的规律,孜孜不倦,日积月累,先后留下了不少宝贵的智慧结晶。大致说来,他们先由“有象”(现象界)以探知“无象”(本体界),再由“无象”(本体界)以解释“有象”(现象界),就这样一顺一逆,往复探求、验证,久而久之,终于形成了圆融的宇宙人生观。而这种宇宙人生观,各家虽各有所见,但若只求其“同”,而不求其“异”,则总括起来说,都可以从“(0)一、二、多”(顺)与“多、二、一(0)”(逆)的互动、循环而提升的螺旋结构上加以统合。而这种“多、二、一(0)”的逻辑结构,如说得笼统、简单一点,就是通常所说的“对立的统一”或“多样的统一”,可适用于哲学、文学、美学或其他的事类、物类等。即以文学领域中之辞章而言,在形成篇章的章法上,就呈现了这种逻辑结构。因此本文即锁定章法,探讨其“多、二、一(0)”的逻辑结构,以凸显其奥妙。

Our ancestors, existing in the extensive 'time and space', had confronted a variety of phenomena. They observed the variation of nature and recognized its driving force. They had accumulated valuable wisdom when they tried to discover the origin of universe. Initially, they examined the physical realm (phenomenal world) and then explored the metaphysics (essential world). In turn, they explained the phenomenal world according to their realization of the essential world. In such a logic and dialectic process,they developed a comprehensive philosophy of life. There are numerous schools of philosophies explaining the universe and the value of human beings. In general,these philosophies can be organized and integrated as a spiral structure;that is, an interactive and revolving process between complicane ('(zero) unitary, binary and multiple structure') and reverse ('multiple, binary, and unitary (zero)' structure). The logic of 'multiple,binary,and unitary (zero)' structure ,simply speaking,is an 'adverse/diverse unity'. Such a structure can be applicable to philosophy , literature ,aesthetics ,and any other matters. For example,the organization of writing may present such a structure. This article discusses the logic of 'multiple,binary,and unitary (zero)' structure.