论考试的工具价值

On the Value of Examination as a Tool

考试的工具价值可分为由估价目的引起的工具价值和由估价结果引起的工具价值。前者,考试是一种测评工具,考试的工具价值由估价目的决定;后者,考试是一种获利工具,考试的工具价值能左右估价目的。当考试作为获利工具的价值大于其作为估价工具的价值,且作为获利工具的价值对主评者与受评者双方都“有利可图”时,考试才会既成为教的目的也成为学的目的。有两种考试,一种是决定机会的考试,一种是提高把握机会能力的考试。后一种考试为前一种考试所决定。它在应试教育里成为一种教育手段,即通过频繁的考试所引起的竞争,提高把握机会的能力。

The value of examination as a tool is made up of two aspects. One comes from the evaluation of the aims of the examinations,and the other is from the results.For the former, the examination means a tool of test, the value of which is determined by its aims, while for the latter, the examination is the profitable tool, the value of which can influence its aims. Examination becomes the aim of studies when the value of the profitable tool is greater than that of the tool of test, for both the examiners and examinees. There are two different kinds of examinations. One is to determine one' s opportunity and the other is to improve one' s ability to seize the opportunity. The latter is determined by the former. It becomes a means of educatio in training people to cope with examinations. That is to say, through competition brought about by repeated examination is the improvement of people s ability to seize the opportunities.