近代汉语语音史研究的现状与展望

The Current Situation and Prospect of the Study of the History of Modern Chinese Phonetics

近代汉语语音史研究,二十多年来,渐获学界关注,一些关键问题已被提出,近代官话“正音”或“基础方言”“一直在北京”的“主流观点”已遭质疑。其实,1950年代初提出的这种“主流观点”,既“先天不足”,又“后天失调”,后学对此应有认识。先期的讨论逐渐形成了官话南北两系的局面何时形成、该局面形成后南方官话的历史地位与作用如何、官话“正音”是否无地点方言为其标准等焦点问题,其中南方官话即江淮官话尤其值得注意,其历史地位与作用如何将是以后争论的重点。近代汉语语音史的研究应本着“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的精神展开,同时更须注重新资料的挖掘与探讨,近年的实践表明,海外汉学文献将可能起到关键作用。

Nowadays, the study of the history of modern Chinese phonetics has received attention from the academic circles. Some key problems have been called in question, such as the view that 'Beijing pronunciation' was 'correct pronunciation' or 'the basic dialect' of the modern official lan- guage. This one was based on 'Beijing pronunciation'. These views were the mainstream opinion, put forward at the beginning of the 1950s, and now, they are disputed. Earlier research has established some issue points. First, when did the two phonetic systems, Southern and Northern, take shape? Second, which historical status and function did the Southern phonetic system have? Third, the Southern official language, i.e. the one in Jianghuai region, is worth taking consideration of. And its historical status and function can be a focal point for further dispute. Overseas historical documents will play a significant role in this study.