语音材料与语音表达方式的演变

Sound Substances and the Changes of Conveying Ways with Sounds

本文全面讨论了元、辅音音素,声调,轻、重音等语音材料与嗓音发声的关系,以及它们在历史发展过程中的组织方式和表达作用。文章用表征性、调控性、普遍性方式全面理清了音素、韵律特征和嗓音特征三类语音材料之间的复杂关系,通过汉藏语言和印欧语言事实,阐明了声调、轻重音、长短音以及各类韵律特征产生的原因和过程,指出人类语言的表达需求与韵律节奏是各种语言语音材料和组织方式发生发展的源泉。同时也指出,由于语音材料的有限性和相互制约性,各种语言在语音材料的选择和组织方式上必然经历全然不同的复杂过程。

The present paper mainly discusses the relationship among sound substances, such as vowels, consonants, tones, stress and voice features. Also the organizing forms of sounds and the functions of expressions are very important in the changing historical courses. With the facts of Sino- Tibetan languages and European languages, the paper explains how tones, stress and other sound fea- tures come into being, and then points out that it is the need of expressions and rhythm-prosodic chan- ges in human languages that make sound substances and conveying ways take changes.