从《祖堂集》问句看中古语法对其影响

The Influence of the Grammar in Middle Ages Chinese on the Interrogative Sentence in Zu Tang Ji

本文重点探讨了《祖堂集》问句里所反映的中古语法现象。《祖堂集》中问句由于受中古中土文献、翻译佛经文献的影响,保留了中古问句的许多用法特点,尤其是书中引用佛典、引用古语的部分,同时这些特点因受唐五代大量新兴语法现象的排挤而走向末路。从《祖堂集》可见疑问句式在从中古汉语向近代汉语发展的进程中的表现:中古阶段大量使用的,在《祖堂集》及近代汉语中就少见;中古时期才露端倪的,在《祖堂集》及近代汉语中则大放光彩;中古时期出现的某些语法现象在《祖堂集》中使用,其地域方言特征可能受时间先后层次、当时通语等因素的制约。

The thesis focuses on the research of the grammatical features of Middle Ages Chinese about interrogative sentences in Zu Tang Ji. We find that Zu Tang Ji has inherited a lot of phenome- na about interrogative sentences from the Chinese translated Buddhist Scriptures and some other docu- ments in the middle ancient times. It reflects the tendency of grammatical phenomena in the transi- tional period between Middle Ages Chinese and the late Tang and Five Dynasties. When some phe- nomena were popularly used in Middle Ages Chinese, they were reduced in Zu Tang Ji; on the con- trary, when some phenomena were newly emerged in Middle Ages Chinese, then they were popularly used in Zu Tang Ji. Some grammatical features of the dialect in Zu Tang Ji are restricted by some factors like chronological development or the popular language of that time and so on.