中国法庭互动话语对应结构研究

A Study of Interaction Patterns in Chinese Courtroom Discourse

本文以“对应”为分析单位,通过对13场法庭审判现场录音转写语料的分析,揭示法庭审判互动话语结构特征,解释不同互动结构的分布。结论是:法庭话语最多的结构现象是“Q-R”,但是由于法庭话语参与者的目的关系复杂,因此不同互动对象之间的互动结构各有特色,无法用一种结构来概括法庭互动的特征。法庭互动结构不同于服务行业的“店员一顾客”和课堂上“教师一学生”的互动结构。因此,“三步式”(I-R-F)和“包孕结构”(Q-Qi-Ri-R)不是法庭互动话语的典型结构。分析特定话语的互动结构有助于深刻地揭示这种活动的本质特性。

The present paper is devoted to characterization of interaction patterns and their distri- bution among different interaction partners in Chinese courtroom trial in terms of 'exchange' as mani- fested in 13 courtroom trials of different cases with the conclusion (1) that although 'I(Q)-R' is the most frequent pattern, the interaction pattern varies as goal relations between participants vary, (2) that neither 'three-step analysis'(I(Q) - R - F) nor 'embedded structure' (Q - Qi - Ri - R) applies in courtroom discourse analysis, and (3) that the interaction pattern in courtroom discourse is pro- nouncedly different from those as manifested in everyday conversation or other institutional discourses like classroom discourse or business discourse. Analysis of the interaction pattern of a discourse will provide insights into the nature of a discourse.