论语义指向的内涵

On the Contents of Semantic Orientation

语义指向的内涵可以概括为配、项、指、联四个方面。配指一个成分在语义上能够跟另一个成分组配的可能性,体现为结构内部成分间语义上的双向选择性,它是语义指向赖以存在的基础。项指能与一个成分在语义上发生联系的数项,项有单项多项之分,单项成分和共生共存性多项成分不会产生歧义,而非共生共存性多项成分则容易产生歧义。这种指向歧义可以通过语境制约、语义制约和就近选择性原则得到控制。指即语义指向的方向或方式。联指某些成分在和被指成分构成语义指向结构体时,与被指成分同时联系的对象。把配、项、指、联的概念综合运用于句法结构的语义分析就是语义指向分析。

It is argued in this paper that the issue of semantic orientation mainly concerns four as- pects, namely, semantic matching, the orienting or oriented item, the orienting direction or mode, and the semantic linking item. Specifically. semantic matching imposes semantic consistency and mu- tual-selection on the orienting and the oriented items. It is the basis of semantic orientation. The anal- ysis of semantic matching items focuses on revealing the number of the orienting or oriented items and the restraining principles of disambiguation. Orienting direction or mode deals with the direction or the mode in which the orienting item orients with respect to its oriented item. Semantic linking item is connected to the oriented item in concrete linguistic contexts. The semantic orientation analysis of a syntax structure involves the above four aspects.