关于语言与思维的关系及其相关问题

On Language, Thinking and Related Questions

要说明语言和思维的关系及其相关问题,跟语言有关的应区分语言、言语、话语,跟思维有关的应区分逻辑、思维、思想。这六个术语或概念表达了六个既有区别也有联系的客观存在的事实:言语是用语言来进行交际的行为活动,语言是言语交际的工具,话语是言语的产物,思维是在表象或概念的基础上进行的认识客观世界的行为活动,逻辑是思维的规律或方法,思想是思维的产物。思维有形象思维和抽象思维,形象思维不依赖语言,抽象思维离不开语言。没学会语言就不可能有言语;没有言语,已有的族语也不能发挥作用,更不可能有话语;形象思维和抽象思维都可产生思想,要把思想表达出来,就要靠言语。具体话语的内容是具体思想,表达该内容的形式是语言(族语的变体)。文章还探讨了“内部言语”、儿童的语言和思维、聋哑人的语言和思维等问题。

The illustration of the relationship between language and thought depends on the dis- tinguishment of the six terms: langue, parole, discourse and logic, thinking and thought, of which, the former three are related to language, and the latter three to thought. These six concepts are dif- ferentiated and interrelated as well. Parole is a kind of activity via language. Langue is the instrument of parole communication, and discourse is the product of parole. Thinking is the cognition of the ob jective world via concepts or ideas. Logic is the rules and method of thinking, while thought is the product of thinking. Thinking can be divided into thinking in terms of image and abstract thinking, of which, the former can be independent from language, but the latter cannot. There is no parole with- out langue. Even worse, without parole, the acquired native language cannot play its role, let alone discourse. Thinking, either in terms of image or abstract, can result in thought, which can only be expressed by parole. The content of discourse is the concrete thought conveyed by language, (the var iation of native language). Besides, such problems as inner language, language and thought of chil- dren's and of the deaf-mutes are also discussed.