广西红水河流域长寿老人遗传特征分析

Genetic character analysis of long-lived elderly in Red River area of Guangxi province

目的了解长寿老人的遗传表型指标分布和长寿家族史。方法入户收集245位长寿老人的家族长寿史、健康与疾病史、女性的妊娠和生育史等,同时进行体格检查。采用 SPSS软件进行数量性状表型的相关分析和显著性检验。结果 1.长寿老人遗传特征和表型指标分布特征:245位长寿老人年龄范围90岁～104岁,平均年龄(95±4.9)岁,心率平均78次/分,血压平均(85～146)mmHg,身高较矮平均为143cm,WHR0.89,牙齿失落数约90%。女性长寿者平均育有子女4人,末次妊娠年龄平均在41岁。2.长寿老人遗传特征和表型指标的两两相关分析:共计对9项指标进行了 Pearson 相关系数(R^2)两两指标的相关计算。其中年龄增长与牙齿失落数有极其显著的相关性(R^2=0.18,P<0.01),收缩压和舒张压有极显著的相关性(R^2=0.66,P<0.01),身高与牙齿失落数有显著的负相关(R^2=0.16,P<0.05)。年龄增长与女性末次妊娠年龄有极其显著性相关(R^2=0.35,P<0.01)。女性末次妊娠年龄与收缩压(R^2=0.16,P<0.05)、女性末次妊娠年龄与牙齿失落数(R^2=0.44,P<0.05)、女性末次妊娠年龄与生育子女数(R^2=0.35,P<0.01)均有显著性相关。WHR 和身高(R^2=0.14,P<0.05)与收缩血压和身高(R^2=0.24,P<0.01)均呈显著的负相关。3.有无长寿家族史对长寿老人遗传特征和表型指标影响按有否长寿家族史将长寿老人分为2组,有长寿父/母组,无长寿父/母组分别计算各组长寿老人的表型指标后进行比较分析。两组数值 t 检验,除心率数有显著性差别(P<0.05)之外,其余各项指标均未见有显著性差别。4.长寿者家庭长寿现象分析:同时对245户有>90岁长寿老人的家庭进行长寿家族史询问,长寿老人家庭中每户现有人口5～20人属多元家系。这些家庭世居当地,无外来迁入迁出史。对90岁以上老人有长寿家族史者进行分析,其中祖父寿命超过70岁的占29%,祖母寿命>70岁者占38%,他们父母寿命>70岁者分别为41%和37%。结论长寿有明显的遗传倾向,如家族聚集性的特点;其次是女性末次妊娠和生育子女人数与长寿有强相关性。

Objective To clarify the genetic phenotype distribution of long-lived individuals in Red River area of Guangxi province.Methods To collect the genetic and health information of 245 long-lived persons over 90 years old in Bama and Duan Counties,Guangxi proveince,and their family backgrounds by carrying out an investigation that included their disease history,family history and pregnancy of child-bearing history(female).Results 1.Genetic character and phenotype distribution features:245 long-lived indi- viduals aged from 90 to 104 years,mean age 95±4.9years,arerage heart rate 78 beats/min.,mean blood pres- sure 146/85mmHg,average height 143 cm.Waist and hip ratio(WHR)was 0.89 and tooth loss was about 90% .2.With two-two analyses of genetic characters and phenotype through Pearson coefficient calculation,9 data items were analyzed.Some pairs of items with significant positive correlation in long-lived persons included ageing and number of teeth loss(R^2=0.18,P<0.01),diastolic and systolic pressures(R^2=066,P< 0.01),height and number of teeth loss(R^2=0.16,P<0.05),ageing and last gestation age in female(R^2 0.35,P<0.01),systolic pressure and last gestation age in female(R^2=0.16,P<0.05),lats gestation age in female and number of teeth loss(R^2=0.44,P<0.05)last gestation age and number of childbearing in fe- male(R^2=0.35,P<0.01).The other 2 pairs of items with significant negative correlation were WHR and height(R^2=-0.14,P<0.05),systolic pressure and height(R^2=-0.24,P<0.01).3.Comparison for ge- netic characters and phenotype between long-lived subjects with adn without longevity family history by way of Studentt-test e showed no significant dirrerence except heart rates(P<0.05).4.Longevity family character analysis:family history stud in 245 longevity families showed that 29% of the long-lived individuals with grandfathers>70 years,38% with grandmothers>70 years,41% with their fathers>70 years and 37% with their mothers>70 years.Conclusions It is shown that longevity has marked genetic trend of family cluster- ing;there was very strong correlation between childbearing history in female and longevity.