中国古代有没有逻辑——从普遍性与特殊性的角度看

On the Existence of Logic in Ancient China ——From the Angles of Universality &Particalarity

在20世纪,“中国有没有逻辑”始终是逻辑学界争论不休的一个问题,有学者给以肯定的回答,有学者给以否定的回答。同样是以西方的逻辑作为普遍者,既可能导致中国古代无逻辑的虚无主义态度,也可能导致比附法在中国古代逻辑史研究中的泛滥。对“中国古代有没有逻辑”这个问题的回答,既应当注意到逻辑的普遍性也不能忽视逻辑的特殊性。忽视或取消逻辑的普遍性,会带来对不同民族、不同文化之间事实存在的交流进行解释的困难;忽视逻辑的特殊性,则一方面可能导致中国古代没有逻辑的结论,另一方面可能导致比附法的研究模式。中国古代也有关于逻辑的理论,但其系统性及其表现形式并不与西方逻辑学完全一致。

Is there logic in ancient China or not”, a disputative issue throughout the 20th century remains a puzzle in the circle of philosophy of logic. Different scholars hold differing views,some think “yes”, while the others“no”.Regarding western logic as universal law,is the root of two schools ——non-logic nihilism in ancient China;comparative law in the research of Chinese ancient logic history. The answer to the question of “Is there logic in ancient China or not”should be based on consideration of both universality and particularity of logic. Without consideration of its universality, it is difficult to explain the actually existent exchange among different nations and cultures; without consideration of its particularity,it will bring about two results ——the conclusion of “there is no logic in ancient china”;research mode of comparative law. In ancient China, there is also theory about logic which is not identical with western philosophy of logic in the respects of systematicness and manifestation.