20世纪70年代以后拉美国家大量举借外债的原因

The reasons for Latin American Countries' Massive Raising Loan After 1970s

20世纪70年代后拉美国家举借的外债额不断增长,外汇短缺这一结构性“瓶颈”突出,直接导致了1982年的拉美债务危机。究其原因,从内因方面看,主要有国内资本积累率比较低,采取进口替代工业化发展模式及国家的过度干预;从外因方面看,由于拉美经济的外部依赖性很强,当国际经济环境的恶化,使拉美国家的出口受挫,不得不借新债以弥补旧债,陷入了债务陷阱。

After 1970s the number of loan raised by the Latin American countries was continuously increasing; the structural bottleneck - the shortage of foreign exchange had taken the dominant place, which directly resulted in the loan crisis of the Latin American countries in 1982. Speaking of its reasons, the internal reasons are mainly that the rate of the domestic capital accumulation was comparatively low, adopting the developing pattern of import instead of industrialization and the excessive interference of the country. In the aspect of the external reasons, because of the strong outer dependence of the Latin American economy, the worsened international economic environment frustrated the export of the Latin American countries. Therefore, they had to make up for the former loan by borrowing new loan, and fell into the loan pitfall.