论以德治国概念中“德”的双重内涵

Double connotations of “morality” in the concept of rule by morality

实行“以德治国” ,不仅包括对党的各级领导干部和国家机构公职人员的“官德”要求 ,还包括对普通公民的“民德”要求。“官德”是“以德治国”的核心 ,“民德”则是“以德治国”的基础。在实践中 ,我们必须防止两种错误的倾向 ,即用“官德”

Carrying on the policy of 'rule by morality', not only require government officials of all levels have official morality, but also require civil citizens have civil morality. Official morality is the crux of 'rule by morality', whereas civil morality is the base of it. In practice, we should avoid two kinds of tendencies, one is to require civil citizens to have official morality, the other is to understand 'rule by morality' as educating only the civil citizens.