开放社会中师范教育改革的挑战及对策——一个思维与实践的初步架构

The Challenge and Countermeasures of the Reform of Normal Education in an Opening-up society——A Preliminary Framework for Thinking and Practice

开放社会之所以形成挑战 ,乃因其具有和传统社会不同的特征。从哲学的角度来思考教育的本质 ,有三个观念值得我们重视 :开放是一种“改善的可能性” ,因此开放社会可以提供继续改善、追求完美的条件和机会 ;开放社会弃绝“最后真理” ,开放社会的改革必须尊重多元 ,扬弃权威 ,既不偏执己见 ,也不盲从附和 ;在开放社会中 ,“反省”是增进理解、持续改善、追求完美的必要能力和习惯。在开放社会中 ,师范教育在教育对象、课程设置、教师资格核检制度乃至师范教育的具体成果的“适格性”等方面均陷入困境。在开放社会中 ,机遇与挑战总是并存的。面对社会开放与急剧变迁的挑战 ,师范教育宜从观念重建、结构再造及专业训练三方面制定改革的策略 ,致力于师范培育制度的现代化与专业化建设。

Challenge appears in an opening_up society which has different characteristics from the traditional one. From the philosophical point of view,three concepts on the nature of education are worth people's attention:Opening_up is a 'possibility for the better',and the opening_up society can offer the conditions and opportunities for further improvement and perfection;the opening_up society will abandon 'ultimate truth',pay respect to plurality,abandon authority and will not stubbornly adhere to certain opinion nor blindly chime in with others; in the opening_up society,self_questioning is a necessary ability and habit to promote understanding, to seek perfection. In the opening_up society,the normal education will face difficulty in trainees, the curriculum, the system of checking teachers' qualification, and the adaptability of the result of normal education. In the opening_up society, co_exist opportunities and challenges. Thus,reform policies on new concepts, new structures and new specialties are essential for the modernization and specialization of the teachers' training system.