近代英国城市化中的精神关怀

On the Spiritual Care during the British Urbanization Process

18世纪下半叶以来 ,英国经历着巨大的社会历史转型 ,由传统农本乡村社会发展为现代工业城镇社会 ,从而对社会精神关怀提出巨大的挑战。城市化社会不仅带来经济多样化和政治民主化 ,也为人们提供了多元化的精神关怀形式和场所。从 18世纪起 ,新宗教运动不仅满足城镇大众的精神需求 ,而且还具有一定的社会控制功能和促进社会发展的作用 ,特别是遍布城乡的小教堂在一个快速变迁的社会中 ,提供了某种形式的领导和权威体系 ,起着某种形式的社会机构和组织作用 。

The urbanization process of Britain made the great challenge to social control,which not only brought about political democracy and economic variety,but also provided diversified worship forms and places.The new religion appeared in 18 th century met urban people' spirit requirements and played a part in social control function.The variety of social superstructure shows the transformation from universal believing in God to secularization,and the prospect and possibility of seeking leisure and entertainment in the future.