美国公立学校教育中的创造论与进化论——对美国联邦宪法宗教条款及相关判例的解读

The Eoolution-science and the Creation-science in U. S. Public Education

在美国公立学校讲授创造论是否违反联邦宪法第一修正案中的宗教建立条款是美国法院必须反复面对的,争论不休的问题。本文回顾了其中具有影响力的判例,并对建立条款进行了解读,指出法院判决中存在的问题,以及建立条款的深层意义(并不仅仅是宗教自由的问题),质疑了立法和司法的"中间立场"。进而,本文试图通过判例描述法律、科学与宗教在公共教育领域里的权力较量和揭示现代性观念在其中所起的作用,从而深入分析影响法院判决的诸种力童,还有法律权威在现代社会中如何发挥着它的作用。

Whether it violates the axtablish-clause to teach the creation-science in U. S. public schools is an important issue to which the U.S. corts must pay special attention. By looking into the establish-clause and the inafluencial relatioe precedants, this paper tries to find the hidden meaning of the establish-clause and suspects the neutrality of both the legislative and the judicial branches. contest to seice Then the paper analyzes how ecigion and sciene legality in law's empine and what roles the authorities of modernity and rule of law play in modem sciety