略论生态环境对先秦水井的影响

On the Environmental Impacts on Wells during the Pre-Qin Period

水井的产生,是原始先民在与自然界的斗争中逐渐产生的,是社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物,也是当时诸如生存压力、环境变化、生产工具进步等因素合力作用的成果。生态环境状况是水井在新石器时代出现和发展的重要因素之一。由于生态环境的作用,促使我国南方早期水井以木结构为主,而北方多为土井;南方水井较浅,北方水井较深。在一定程度上,生态环境导致了水井在不同地区发挥的作用呈现区域性和差异性,先秦时期北方黄河流域水井主要是解决生活用水,而南方水井除饮用外,已经开始用于农业灌溉。与此同时,先民们在利用水井的过程中也产生了朴素的生态保护意识。

The original ancestors gradually learnt to build a well in the process of their struggle with the nature,which was a natural product on a certain stage of social development with many social factors,such as survival pressure,environmental change, improvement of production.From the perspective of habitat change,we studies the influence of the ecological environment on the origin,shape and functions of the wells during the Pre - Qin period and their ecological protection consciousness during this process.