如何界定人类行为是利己还是利他?——对几种流行划界标准的审视

How to Define Egoism and Altruism in Human's Action——A Survey on the Popular Demarcation's Criterion

界定人类行为性质的流行标准主要有:基于行为后果的幸福快乐说、基于行为动机的本能冲动说、基于生命延续的自我保存说和基于普遍主义的抽象道义说。但所有这些学说根本上并不能提供一个有效区分利己和利他的标准:前三者着眼于人的动物性本能而最终将人的行为都归纳为利己的,从而构成了现代经济学泛经济人化分析的基础;后者则引入了一个先验的外部准则,但由于脱离了人类的经验基础而往往成为道德上的说教。

The popular demarcation s criterion are as followings:hedonic eudemonia doctrine based on the aftereffect of action,instinctive impulsion doctrine based on the motivation of action,self-preservation doctrine based on the continuation of life,abstract morality doctrine based on the universalism.However,all these doctrines can t give an effective criterion to distinguish egoism and altruism.In fact,the former three criterions take all human s action as egoism with a view to animal s instinct,which makes of th...