人胚肝组织结构发生发育及其功能关系的研究

The study on the develpoment and its function of human embryonic hepatic tissue structure

目的深入对肝组织学结构和功能的认识,并为丰富肝脏的组织学内容提供资料。方法收集附属医院药流或引产的4～38周人胚肝组织,进行石蜡切片,用HE染色、PAS染色和铁矾苏木精染色,对不同阶段人体胚胎肝脏组织结构观察。结果 (1)肝细胞:胚胎第4～6周,可见成团或成索的肝细胞,肝细胞索不连续由多行肝细胞组成,无中央静脉;随着胚龄的增长,肝细胞数量增多。胚胎8～9周,中央静脉出现,肝细胞索以中央静脉为中心排列有序,肝小叶结构形成,随胎儿发育,肝体积增大,肝小叶数量增多。(2)造血组织及肝血窦:胚胎早期、中期,肝细胞索间造血组织较丰富,血窦腔隙较大,窦腔内外可见大量原始血细胞;胚胎发育后期,肝血窦渐变窄,造血组织明显减少。(3)胆小管:胚胎8～9周,特殊染色可见胆小管。结论肝小叶的结构形成于胚胎8～9周,胚胎肝细胞功能活跃,早期即可合成糖原和多种血浆蛋白。胚胎期肝脏具有重要的造血功能。

Objective To make a thorough understanding of the human embryonic hepatic tissue structure and its function and provide materials for enriching its histology content.Methods Collectting the human embryonic liver tissue in 4～ 38 weeks with drug abortion or induced labor which were provided by the affiliated hospital.We made the paraffin sections,dyed with HE、PAS and iron-alum haematoxylin and observed the human embryonic hepatic tissue structure at different stages.Results 1.Liver cell:During the 4～6th week embryo,the liver cells arranged in clusters or cords,the liver cell cords were not continuous and there was no central vein;the numbers of liver cells increased along with the growth of embryonic age.At the 8～9th week embryo,the central vein appeared,the liver cell cords took the central vein as the central arrangement order and the hepatic lobe structure formed.Growing along with the embryo,the liver volume enlarged and the hepatic lobes increased.2.hematopoietic tissues and liver blood sinus:During the early and intermediate embryonic stages,the hematopoietic tissue was rich between the liver cell cords,the blood sinus lacuna was big and there were massive primitive blood cells inside and outside of blood sinus;at the later embryonic developmental period,the liver blood sinus gradually became narrow and the hematopoietic tissue reduced obviously.3.Bile canaliculus:During the 8～9 weeks embryo,special staining can display the bile canaliculus.Conclusion The hepatic lobule forms in the 8～9th week embryo,the embryonic liver cells function are active and they could synthesize the glycogen and many kinds of plasma proteins at early stage.The embryonic period liver has the important hematopoietic function.