先验主体的终结与历史主体的可能

The End of Transcendental Subject and the Possibility of Historical Subject

传统主体观自从被笛卡尔等近代哲学家确立以来 ,在哲学史上发挥了重要的作用。但是 ,作为抽象理性主义的主要形式 ,传统主体观也导致了一系列自身难以克服的理论困难和不良后果。 1 9世纪末 ,尼采在批判传统主体观的基础上 ,建构了一种多元的流动的主体观 ,它极大地影响到 2 0世纪后现代思想家对主体的理解。但是 ,这种后现代主义主体观无法引领我们走出传统主体观的理论困境。我们认为 ,主体是一个在实践中不断迈向未来的开放性的生成过程。

Since the establishment by such modern philosophers as Descartes,the notion of traditional subject had played an important role in Western civilization. However, as the typical form of the absolute rationalism, the traditional subject idea had also caused some insuperable theoretical problems. At the end of the 19th century, Nietzsche forged a new notion of subject characterized by multiplicity and becoming, which anticipated the postmodern subject ideas. But the postmodern subject idea is also confronted with some problems. A Marxist historical subject should be advocated.