对象、概念和词之间的关系及变化模式

The Relation among Objects, Concepts and Words and the Mode of Changes

大千世界的万物千姿都可以用语言来进行表述。但是作为语言要素的词并不直接反映对象 ,而是直接反映人的认识———概念直接与对象发生关系。概念反映对象 ,词标志概念。概念的涵义与词义是相符一致的。思想存在于语言的外壳之中。对象、概念和词三者之间的关系 ,可列出七种变化样式。概念的形成要受到所处时代的思想形式、科技水平和社会观点的制约。词在所属语言体系的框架内对概念进行标志。它不仅要受到所要标志的概念类型的限制 ,而且要受到思维方式、审美模式、文化心理等主观意识的影响。

Varieties of things of the world can be described verbally. But words, the essential elements of languages, do not directly express the objects. They express people's cognition(concepts). Concepts are connected directly with objects, while words mark the concepts. Concepts agree with the meanings of words. People's ideas exist in the language shells. There can be listed seven modes of changes, which show the relation among objects, concepts and words. The formation of concepts is restrained by the mode of thinking of the time, the level of development of science. Words mark the concepts within the frame of the language they belong to. They are restrained not only by the types of the concepts they mark, but also by the subjective factors such as the ways of thinking, the aesthetic mode, and cultural psychology.