黑龙江省地下水资源开发利用引起的环境问题及防治对策

The environmental problems caused by developing and utilizing groundwater resources in Heilongjiang Province and its prevention countermeasures

黑龙江省地下水资源比较丰富 ,目前总体开发利用程度较低 ,开采潜力很大 ,但各地开发利用程度有较大区别 ,哈尔滨、大庆等地区地下水超采较严重 ,形成了区域性的水位降落漏斗 ,最大漏斗面积达 45 0 0km2 ,最大水位降深达 40余m ,单井涌水量衰减 40 %以上 ;鸡西等矿区大量疏干地下水 ,使水源濒于枯竭 ;哈尔滨、大庆等城市已出现地面沉降迹象。这些问题的产生制约着当地经济的发展。科学、合理地开发、保护地下水资源已是当务之急。对严重超采区要控制开采 ,调整用水结构、分质供水、科学管水、节约用水。此外应充分利用矿区排出的地下水 ,变害为利。加强地下水的监测和研究工作 ,及时解决开发中的问题。

Heilongjiang Province is relatively rich in groundwater resources. But the level of developing and utilizing varies greatly with different areas. In Haerbin and Daqing, there are regional depression cones of groundwater because of over-exploitation. Among them the biggest one is up to an area of 4500km\+2, the greatest depth is about 40 m, decline of outflow rate in single well is more than 40%, land subsidence has been shown. In Jixi mines, groundwater resource is drying up because of drawing. All above problems restrict economic development in these areas. It is urgent to put groundwater resource to scientific and rational development. To serious over-exploitation areas, it should control exploitation, regulate the construction of using water, compeletely utilize the groundwater discharged from mines.