玉米不同遗传背景子粒和秸秆粗蛋白含量及杂种优势分析

Heterosis and Crude Protein Content in Maize Kernel and Stalk with Different Genotypes over Environment

利用5大杂种优势群的10个优良玉米自交系,按Griffing双列杂交设计配成正反交90个杂交组合,分别在河南省的南阳、郑州和浚县3个地点随机区组试验,用MARX-I型近红外品质分析仪测定子粒和秸秆蛋白质含量并进行统计分析。结果表明:各组合子粒、秸秆蛋白质含量的高低不仅取决于遗传背景,同时受环境条件的显著影响。子粒蛋白存在基因型与环境的显著互作效应,地点间子粒蛋白含量表现北高南低趋势(浚县>郑州>南阳),秸秆蛋白与其相反(南阳>郑州>浚县)。子粒、秸秆蛋白质含量分别排在前5位的组合中,80%来源于不同优势类群自交系间杂交,自交系E28和8085是可利用的高蛋白质种质资源。子粒、秸秆的蛋白质含量分别表现负向和正向杂种优势,平均优势率分别为-1.76%和27.03%,但两者变异性均较大,组合间变幅分别为-18.56%～21.24%和-12.78%～95.30%。相关分析表明,子粒与秸秆蛋白质含量相关不显著(r=0.0224)。因此,通过基因重组,在广泛遗传变异中选择子粒和秸秆蛋白含量较高的组合是可能的。

Ninety reciprocal crosses were composed according to Griffing design using 10 inbreds from different heterotic groups, and trialed under randomized block design at three locations in Henan province, the crude protein content in maize kernel and stalk was tested by using MARX-I type NIRS and the data were analyzed by statistics. The results showed that the protein content in kernel and stalk noticeably depended on genotypes and environment especially the kernel protein content was significantly effected by l...