试论楚墓的用鼎制度

A Study on the Ding-use System in Chu Tombs

本文结合礼制文献、遣策、器铭以及出土实物等资料对楚墓的用鼎制度进行了探讨,认为楚系高等级贵族墓葬中普遍出现的两套正鼎并非是人器和鬼器,而应分别属于祭器和食器两类。祭器一组仿效周制却并不彻底,而食器一组则沿用自身的偶鼎制度。战国时期主要通过纽的形制来区分这两类鼎,其中升鼎、无盖大镬鼎、箍口鼎、三环纽子母口盖鼎均属于祭器一组,卧牛纽(或卧兽纽)、鸟形纽(或变形鸟形纽)子母口盖鼎则为食器组的典型标志。春秋时期虽然遵循同样的分类原则,但亦有细微的差别存在。

Combined with ritual documents,inventory of burial goods,bronze inscriptions and excavated vessels,this paper studies the Ding-use system in Chu tombs,The study concludes that the two groups of formal Ding do not refer to human-use and dead-use vessels,insteand refer to sacrificial vessels and food containers,respectively.The group of sacrificial vessels mostly imitated from the Zhou Ding-use system,while the group of food containers followed the Dual-Ding system used in the Chu State.In the Warring States ...