清前期地方政府对科举经费的管理与监督

Local Government's Management and Supervision of Imperial Examination Funds in Early Qing Dynasty

在清代,除了中央政府直接管理的科举经费之外,还下放一定的权力让地方政府管理部分科举经费。具体而言,一方面地方政府采取效率制度和宾兴礼仪两种型式管理奏销的科举经费;另一方面又通过一系列的制度创新和组织创新尽可能地将官员、士绅和商人等社会各阶层手中的闲散资金转变为外销科举经费,最大限度地弥补了奏销科举经费在维护科举制运作过程中的不足。

Local government shares the right with the central government in managing part of imperial examination funds in the Qing dynasty.Specifically speaking,local government has two ways called Efficient System and Binxing Ceremony to manage the official expenditure of imperial examinations.In addition,local government tries as much as possible to make the idle funds from officials,gentries,merchants be the nonofficial expenditure of imperial examinations,which maximally makes up the shortage of official expendit...