摘要
近代中国海关雇用洋员 ,首先是由于外方的逼迫和诱导。另外 ,也有中方自愿接受的成分。洋员治下的海关为清政府增加了财政收入 ,提供了洋务指导 。
Modern Chinese Maritime Customs governed by Foreign Staff nearly one century. First reason was big powers' compulsion and guidance. On the other hand ,there were factors about Chinese government's will. Foreign Staff in Chinese Maritime Customs helped Qing Dynasty increased fiscal revenue, provided her technology guide ,strengthened her centralization in some degree.
出处
《北京联合大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2004年第2期41-46,共6页
Journal of Beijing Union University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
关键词
海关
洋员
外力压迫
自愿接受
maritime customs
foreign staff
powers' compulsion
