新《保险法》对海上保险合同法律制度的影响

Implications of the New Insurance Law for Marine Insurance Contract

关于《海商法》和《保险法》对海上保险合同纠纷的适用,原则上应适用该法第184条解决,但本条规定的原则在对具体纠纷的适用中仍时常产生争议。文章在比较2009年修订的《保险法》的若干规定与海上保险合同相关法律制度关系的基础上,讨论了其对海上保险合同纠纷产生的影响,认为保险人以违反《海商法》规定的告知义务拒赔应以有效行使解除权为条件,《海商法》中海上航次保险合同被保险人在保险责任开始后不得解除合同的规定对保险人不适用,以及《海商法》应在《保险法》基础上补充规定第三方受害人对海上责任保险人直接请求权的限制条件。

As a general principle,Article 184 of the new Insurance Law shall be referred to determine the issue of application of the Maritime Code or the Insurance Law.However,the controversies still frequently occur in the context of specific disputes.On the basis of comparison between several provisions in the new Insurance Law and the corresponding legal regimes of marine insurance contract,this article discusses the implications of the Insurance Law for disputes of marine insurance contract.It is argued that the insurer's right of repudiating insurance liability shall not be sustained unless its right to terminate contract is effectively exercised,the Maritime Code provision that the insured may not demand termination of contract for marine voyage insurance after attachment of cover shall not apply to the insurer,and in the light of the new provision of the Insurance Law relevant special conditions shall be added in the Maritime Code for qualifying the third party's direct claim right against marine liability insurers.