简析明清之际的理学反思

Neo-Confucianism Reflection of Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty

为了维护儒家价值体系的权威,宋明理学以不同的方式为儒家思想提供宇宙论、本体论的论证。所以,宋明理学没有超出儒家的基本价值。从晚明开始,许多思想家开始批判宋明理学。清朝初年,许多思想家鉴于明亡这一历史事实,反思宋明理学。他们要么揭露宋明理学空谈误国,要么理学和心学之间相互攻击,总之其反思并未攻击到理学的核心内容。因此,他们不但没有超出儒家的价值体系,甚至没有脱离宋明理学的窠臼。因而,清初的理学反思在不触及儒家基本价值的情况下,根本不可能为解决当时的社会矛盾提供出路。

In order to maintain the authoritative Confucian value system,Neo-Confucianism demonstrates proofs of cosmology and ontology for Confucianism in different ways,which was not beyond Confucian value system.From late Ming Dynasty,many thinkers began to criticize Neo-Confucianism.In view of extermination of Ming Dynasty,many thinkers in early Qing Dynasty introspected Neo-Confucianism,either criticizing idle talk its idle talks or getting involved in factional struggle between School of Mind and School of Principle,without attacking the core of Neo-Confucianism,indicating that they did not exceed the value system of Confucianism and even break away from the old conventions of Neo-Confucianism.In conclusion,Neo-Confucianism reflection in early Qing Dynasty found no solutions to social conflicts.