从“异刻”现象看北魏后期墓志的“生产过程”

The Production Process of Epitaphs in the Later Period of Northern Wei:Centering on the Phenomenon of Deviated Engraving

北魏后期墓志中存在的多种"异刻"现象,包括左方留白、志尾挤刻、志题挤刻、志题省刻、志题记历官而志文记赠官、志题记历官而其后补刻赠官、二次赠官、谥号空位、谥号补刻等。"异刻"现象的存在,显示北魏后期墓志的生产过程并非由单一主体一蹴而就,而是包括了丧家、朝议等多种要素共同参与和互动的结果。丧家也借由这一过程对自身在北魏后期社会权力网络中的位置感进行确认与强化。

Based on the rubbings of epitaphs in the late Northern Wei, many phenomenon of deviated engraving could be observed. This paper sorts out the phenomenon of deviated engraving, and discusses the production process of epitaphs in the later period of Northern Wei. The posthumous officials and the posthumous titles show this process involved not only the bereaved family, but also the court as well as other political elements. Through the process, the bereaved family also confirms its position in the social power network in the late Northern Wei.