武士道与《武士道》——近代日本武士道文化心理解析

Reflections on Bushido and Bushido——Psychological Interpretation of Modern Japanese Bushido Culture

近代日本在国际政治经济舞台上的角色转换,与其民族文化心理结构的历史性变迁密切相关。文章从文化心理的层面,采用文本分析的方法,剖析明治时期日本学者新渡户稻造撰写的《武士道》一书,以解析近代重大历史转折时期日本民族文化心理的演变过程,发掘日本近代发展的文化心理动力。提出:明治武士道是日本从古代意性文化向近代理性文化转换的分水岭。明治武士道以理性的审视,将武士道提升为一种民族精神,使其成为国民在理性文化状态下的一种普遍的自我意识。正是这种镶嵌在集体无意识中的文化意识,在特定的历史条件下,以穷兵黩武的极端方式,引领近代日本走上了强盛之路,亦形成了阻碍日本近代走上和平发展道路的文化心理根源。

The role transition of Japan in the international politics and economics is closely related to the historical changes of its nation's cultural psychology.Based on the analysis of the Bushido written by Japanese scholar Kano Kikuyu in late Meiji times,this article intends to interpret the cultural psychology evolutions of Japanese nation at the huge historical transition periods and finds out the cultural psychological motives.It is indicated that Bushido marked the transition of Japan from ancient discretionary to modern rationality.With rationality Bushido emphasized moral contents and took it as a national spirit which became the whole nation's general self-awareness.Due to this cultural consciousness in collective unconsciousness,Japan began to step the developing road at the specific historical condition,forming the origin of cultural psychology which held back Japan from the peaceful development in modern times.